This endogenous estrogen can either be metabolized to 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16OHE1) or 2-hydroxyestrone (2OHE1). It has also been implicated in down-regulating genes required for breast cancer metastasis, although I3C has been studied in far greater detail for this activity.īoth males and females produce estrogen naturally in their bodies, although women produce significantly higher levels. Emerging evidence has shown that exposure of human cancer cells to I3C or DIM triggers transcriptional, cell signaling, enzymatic, and metabolic changes that directly lead to the stoppage of replication and/or apoptosis (regulated cell death). Further research is required to confirm these results before attributing all of the beneficial effects of I3C to DIM.ĭiindolylmethane has been associated with potent anti-cancer effects in several cancers including: lung, liver, colon, cervical, endometrial, prostate, and breast cancer. Recent research has implied that benefits previously attributed to I3C may actually be the result of DIM created through conversion in the digestive tract. This chemical is more shelf-stable and more easily absorbed in the digestive tract than I3C. There is also preliminary research implicating DIM as an immunomodulating supplement against auto-immune disease, although further research is required.ĭIM is a natural diindole condensation product of I3C created during digestion in the presence of sufficient stomach acid. Both I3C and DIM are being examined in clinical trials for their treatment of various types of cancer.
Part of this effect is likely due to DIM's role in estrogen metabolism balance in the body (see below). Increased dietary intake of this family of foods has been associated with lowered risk of cancers of all types, particularly those with a hormonal influence on proliferation. DIM is the activated form of I3C whose role in cancer treatment is growing…ĭiindolylmethane (DIM) is a natural condensation product of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), which is found in cruciferous (Brassica family) vegetables such as cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli, kale, and similar green leaf vegetables.
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